There have been significant changes in dietary health trends, not due to food in general, but largely because of one key ingredient, linoleic acid, also known as omega-6. With the MOH taking centre stage and promoting unsaturated oils, linoleic acid is now pervasive in almost all cooking oils and cooked foods in Singapore. This widespread presence contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, oxidized cholesterol, and metabolic dysfunction while increasing small dense LDL particles.
The primary concern should be with unsaturated fats, which contain double bonds that make them highly susceptible to oxidation when heated. This oxidation process breaks down fatty acids and generates harmful compounds, including aldehydes, alpha and beta unsaturated aldehydes such as 4-HNE and MDA, epoxy aldehydes, acrolein, trans fats, oxidized fatty acids, and free radicals. Many of these aldehydes are highly reactive, damaging cellular components such as DNA and proteins, and have been linked to chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and certain cancers.
In contrast, saturated fats are much more stable at high temperatures, making them a preferable option for cooking to minimize the formation of these harmful substances. The rise in insulin resistance closely parallels the MOH continued promotion of unsaturated fats.