I'm new here, so I don't know if this has been addressed.
No worries at all. This point came up a LOT after Michael Burry’s Bloomberg interview a couple of weeks back, and it pops up every so often.
This is primarily because passive funds have eclipsed mutual funds I feel that it will continue to grow given that retail investors now cannot look to bonds to grow their wealth.
I have to point out that this is a non-sequitur. ETFs can hold bonds, stocks, futures, commodities, whatever.
The reason that index investing is taking over from active investing (note - that’s different from ETFs vs mutual funds! Index mutual funds are a thing, and active ETFs are also a thing!) is that people are finally realizing that active fund managers aren’t magic. They can’t—mathematically can’t—deliver returns in aggregate that are better than the index; and after fees, that means the active fund managers will do worse than a low-cost index fund.
(Also, I’m just saying: “mutual fund” is an Americanism. I think the article you got this from might be writing about the American market, not the Singaporean market; the percentage of the Singaporean market held in index ETFs is, I’d guess, somewhere well below 10%.)
But when there are less real value investors in the market, what exactly is the passive funds following? Increasingly, the expensive shares would just get proportionately more expensive, creating bubbles when the price is way over the actual value of the share.
I see. So what you’re asking is “if everyone becomes an index-tracker, won’t that cause large-cap stocks - that tend to be held by more indices - to become more expensive?”
This is not an unreasonable question, but it’s not one I’m personally worried about. Firstly, we’re not anywhere near “everyone is indexing”. Half of US equity market assets being in index funds still means that the other half is being chucked around by overcaffeinated active-fund managers, and that’s plenty to drive proper price discovery.
Even if we were at “everyone is indexing”, though, that would be a self-correcting phenomenon: the remaining hedge funds and active managers would start making abnormally large profits from those “underpriced” stocks that aren’t in the index, and eventually everyone would run back to the active-management side of the boat.
In fact, “big, popular stocks are overpriced” is a thing that’s happened before, even before ETFs existed. I love pointing to the
“Nifty Fifty” bubble in large-cap US stocks back in the sixties: it became trendy to buy large-cap US stocks, to the point where their valuations were inflated beyond all reason and they subsequently tanked. There were no ETFs around to help people with buying those stocks; they just called up their broker and bought them anyway.
And secondly, it seems to be the opposite of what’s actually happening. Looking at the American market at least, small-cap stocks (which are less commonly held in index funds) are
expensive compared to large-cap stocks (which are more common in index funds).
Means there is very little interest in transacting vwra.
I am definitely concerned with such low volume though because when you want to buy, you buy at larger and much larger premiums (even if there is market-maker because they are not going to sell you cheap and they will sell at higher and higher prices after you bought out those at lower prices), and when you want to sell, you have to sell at lower and much lower price if you are selling large volume.
A couple of thoughts on this. Your points would apply to single-stocks, but they don’t really apply in the context of ETFs.
1) Firstly, that’s not really how ETF market-makers work. ETF market-makers can arbitrage between the fund and the underlying all day long. The underlying of VWRA is the MSCI World, and the market-maker will just keep posting bids and offers based on where the MSCI World index is.
2) You, and I, and everyone else on this board, are not ever going to do enough volume to materially move the market in anything.