Avoid Realtek network adapters for Type 1 Hypervisor platforms

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xiaofan

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I want to try Proxmox VE 7.1 on my newly bought Chuwi HeroBox (Intel N4500 CPU, 8GB/256GB).
https://www.chuwi.com/product/items/Chuwi-HeroBox-Pro/specs.html
Unfortunately it has RealTek RTL8168 based gigabit Ethernet adapter. I am encountering slow OOkla download speed less than 100Mbps (but fast upload speed) which seems to be common for the kernel built-iin rtl8169 kernel driver. The pve host itself has the slow download speed issue so that the VMs will inherit the issue as well.

Supposedly the dkms driver (rtl8168-dkms) is better but unfortunately it does not work with the latest PVE 7.1 version. Somehow the 7.1 version does not ship with the Linux kernel header file.

Then I tried the Ugreen 2.5G Ethernet adapter but it is based on RTL8156 which is supported by the PVE7.1's 5.13 kernel driver but with very low performace (less than 300Mbps).

Looks like we need to avoid Realtek drivers to have better network performance and avoid troubles in Type 1 Hyperviors.
 
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xiaofan

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xiaofan

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For the PVE host, it has slow OOkla download speed of less than 100Mbps. Even iperf3 speed is also slow for the LAN peers (around 300Mbps in one direction and 150Mbps in another direction).

pve host without any VM running: 192.168.50.216
LAN peers running Ubuntu: 192.168.50.218
Both are connected to the Asus RT-AX82U router.

Code: 
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.50.216
Connecting to host 192.168.50.216, port 5201
[  5] local 192.168.50.218 port 34288 connected to 192.168.50.216 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  19.2 MBytes   161 Mbits/sec  486   15.6 KBytes
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  19.3 MBytes   162 Mbits/sec  323   14.1 KBytes
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  18.8 MBytes   158 Mbits/sec  375   12.7 KBytes
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  18.5 MBytes   155 Mbits/sec  392   21.2 KBytes
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  19.7 MBytes   165 Mbits/sec  376   12.7 KBytes
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  19.3 MBytes   162 Mbits/sec  401   21.2 KBytes
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  18.0 MBytes   151 Mbits/sec  377   12.7 KBytes
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  17.9 MBytes   150 Mbits/sec  322   12.7 KBytes
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  23.6 MBytes   198 Mbits/sec  566   14.1 KBytes
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  18.2 MBytes   153 Mbits/sec  445   12.7 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   192 MBytes   161 Mbits/sec  4063             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   191 MBytes   160 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.50.216 -R
Connecting to host 192.168.50.216, port 5201
Reverse mode, remote host 192.168.50.216 is sending
[  5] local 192.168.50.218 port 34292 connected to 192.168.50.216 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  38.5 MBytes   323 Mbits/sec
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  32.3 MBytes   271 Mbits/sec
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  31.9 MBytes   268 Mbits/sec
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  48.5 MBytes   406 Mbits/sec
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  33.5 MBytes   281 Mbits/sec
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  33.7 MBytes   282 Mbits/sec
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  38.4 MBytes   322 Mbits/sec
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  38.4 MBytes   322 Mbits/sec
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  38.5 MBytes   323 Mbits/sec
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  38.7 MBytes   325 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   374 MBytes   314 Mbits/sec    0             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   372 MBytes   312 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
 
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xiaofan

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Ookla speedtest results: pve host is using the generic Linux command line version so that may be a limitation. VM inside the pve host has faster upload speed but same slow download speed.

pve host without any VM running: 192.168.50.216
LAN peers running Ubuntu: 192.168.50.218
Both are connected to the Asus RT-AX82U router.

pve Debian 11 VM: 192.168.50.99, using vmbr0 bridge

Code: 
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ speedtest

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.55 ms   (0.11 ms jitter)
   Download:   946.44 Mbps (data used: 473.6 MB)
     Upload:   925.14 Mbps (data used: 1.1 GB)
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/76821284-c66e-4c5c-84e2-6b0180b055f6
 
 root@pve:~# ./speedtest

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     2.00 ms   (0.33 ms jitter)
   Download:    61.19 Mbps (data used: 53.7 MB )
     Upload:   310.11 Mbps (data used: 449.3 MB )
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/ca4a6e0c-fd9e-4351-8709-0d18a96b63fd

mcuee@debian:~$ speedtest -s 25960

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.89 ms   (0.15 ms jitter)
   Download:    58.90 Mbps (data used: 53.1 MB )
     Upload:   553.27 Mbps (data used: 593.9 MB )
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/ef32e22b-c825-412e-9b63-b312bad0d5d0
 
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xiaofan

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Internal VMs have good connection speed.
pve Debian 11 VM: 192.168.50.99, using vmbr0 bridge
pve Ubuntu 20.04 VM: 192.168.50.240, using vmbr0 bridge
Both are using the virtio driver.

Code: 
asa@asa:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.50.99
Connecting to host 192.168.50.99, port 5201
[  5] local 192.168.50.240 port 36018 connected to 192.168.50.99 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec   651 MBytes  5.45 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec   708 MBytes  5.94 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec   800 MBytes  6.71 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec   776 MBytes  6.51 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec   756 MBytes  6.34 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec   789 MBytes  6.62 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec   818 MBytes  6.86 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec   830 MBytes  6.96 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec   881 MBytes  7.39 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec   835 MBytes  7.00 Gbits/sec    0   3.07 MBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.66 GBytes  6.58 Gbits/sec    0             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.65 GBytes  6.57 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
asa@asa:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.50.99 -R
Connecting to host 192.168.50.99, port 5201
Reverse mode, remote host 192.168.50.99 is sending
[  5] local 192.168.50.240 port 36022 connected to 192.168.50.99 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec   913 MBytes  7.66 Gbits/sec
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec   799 MBytes  6.69 Gbits/sec
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec   767 MBytes  6.44 Gbits/sec
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec   871 MBytes  7.29 Gbits/sec
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec   825 MBytes  6.94 Gbits/sec
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec   779 MBytes  6.53 Gbits/sec
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec   752 MBytes  6.31 Gbits/sec
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec   786 MBytes  6.59 Gbits/sec
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec   776 MBytes  6.51 Gbits/sec
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec   832 MBytes  6.98 Gbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.92 GBytes  6.80 Gbits/sec    0             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.91 GBytes  6.79 Gbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
 
firesong

firesong

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I think in general, avoid Realtek NICs unless you're planning on running Windows. For *nix based platforms, stick to Intel. There are exceptions, but it does take some level of comfort with the platform to either recompile the kernel if necessary, or to load the relevant drivers optimally. But those who are at this level will know not to avoid Realtek and will do what they can. ;)
 
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xiaofan

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Since this is just learnig exercises I will continue. Installed the pfSense virtual router and it seems to work fine for LAN clients, at least for internal LAN speed. This is much better than Oracle VitualBox and VMware Workstation.

pfsense WAN (192.168.18) -- em0, bridge through the host 2.5G USB Ethernet router using Intel e1000 driver
pfSense LAN (192.168.1.1) -- vtnet0, link to my another mini J4105 PC running Ubuntu

Code: 
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.1.1
Connecting to host 192.168.1.1, port 5201
[  5] local 192.168.1.102 port 41092 connected to 192.168.1.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr  Cwnd
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec  84.3 MBytes   707 Mbits/sec   23    351 KBytes
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec  88.1 MBytes   738 Mbits/sec    0    508 KBytes
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  90.7 MBytes   761 Mbits/sec    0    631 KBytes
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec  92.5 MBytes   776 Mbits/sec    4    570 KBytes
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec  92.5 MBytes   776 Mbits/sec    4    499 KBytes
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  90.0 MBytes   755 Mbits/sec    0    622 KBytes
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec  91.2 MBytes   765 Mbits/sec    0    725 KBytes
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  88.8 MBytes   745 Mbits/sec   19    590 KBytes
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec  93.8 MBytes   786 Mbits/sec    0    690 KBytes
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec  88.8 MBytes   744 Mbits/sec    0    785 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec   901 MBytes   755 Mbits/sec   50             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.01  sec   899 MBytes   753 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ iperf3 -c 192.168.1.1 -R
Connecting to host 192.168.1.1, port 5201
Reverse mode, remote host 192.168.1.1 is sending
[  5] local 192.168.1.102 port 41096 connected to 192.168.1.1 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate
[  5]   0.00-1.00   sec   106 MBytes   889 Mbits/sec
[  5]   1.00-2.00   sec   110 MBytes   924 Mbits/sec
[  5]   2.00-3.00   sec  99.4 MBytes   834 Mbits/sec
[  5]   3.00-4.00   sec   112 MBytes   937 Mbits/sec
[  5]   4.00-5.00   sec   104 MBytes   877 Mbits/sec
[  5]   5.00-6.00   sec  92.2 MBytes   773 Mbits/sec
[  5]   6.00-7.00   sec   109 MBytes   913 Mbits/sec
[  5]   7.00-8.00   sec  98.4 MBytes   825 Mbits/sec
[  5]   8.00-9.00   sec   104 MBytes   871 Mbits/sec
[  5]   9.00-10.00  sec   101 MBytes   847 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bitrate         Retr
[  5]   0.00-10.01  sec  1.01 GBytes   870 Mbits/sec    1             sender
[  5]   0.00-10.00  sec  1.01 GBytes   869 Mbits/sec                  receiver

iperf Done.
 
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xiaofan

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After using the vendor driver and not kernel driver, the built-in RTL8168 Gigabit Ethernet adapter works fine, download speed is the same as my line speed and upload is a bit slower but still very good.

Speedtest results from the pve host, a Debian 11 lxc container and a Debian 11 VM, from the vmbr0 bridged to the RTL8168 built-in adapter.

Code: 
root@pve:~# ./speedtest

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.26 ms   (0.11 ms jitter)
   Download:   939.58 Mbps (data used: 447.9 MB )
     Upload:   834.32 Mbps (data used: 1.0 GB )
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/23574383-21e3-4953-aed4-8da65950e9d9

root@debian11ct:~# speedtest

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.49 ms   (0.08 ms jitter)
   Download:   939.81 Mbps (data used: 458.2 MB )                             
     Upload:   831.33 Mbps (data used: 1.0 GB )                             
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/ba3ee441-0cf0-43b4-b039-f0d74c83c691

mcuee@debian:~$ speedtest

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.45 ms   (0.05 ms jitter)
   Download:   923.16 Mbps (data used: 462.4 MB )
     Upload:   864.30 Mbps (data used: 1.0 GB )
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/f44d943c-e148-43bd-9a5d-5925b374f8e9
 
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xiaofan

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Now the next problem is the USB 3 Superspeed Realtek RTL8156 2.5Gbe adapter, somehow it is stuck at USB 2.0 highspeed.

Code: 
root@pve:~# lsusb -t
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/6p, 10000M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/8p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
        |__ Port 1: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=asix, 480M
    |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=r8152, 480M
    |__ Port 4: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=r8152, 480M
    |__ Port 8: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
    |__ Port 8: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
 
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Realtek have always been cheap budget NICs, and i don't think you'll ever see any server grade hardware from the reputable manufacturers using them. Server from hp and dell etc tend to have intel or broadcom nics.

You should be able to install the proxmox kernel headers:
apt install pve-headers-$(uname -r)

The step missing from the OpenWRT instructions posted, is that you have to go to virtual machine -> options -> edit boot order. When you remove the original disk it also gets removed from the list of bootable devices, and when you import the openwrt disk it doesnt get added back automatically.
 
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xiaofan

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bert64 said:
Realtek have always been cheap budget NICs, and i don't think you'll ever see any server grade hardware from the reputable manufacturers using them. Server from hp and dell etc tend to have intel or broadcom nics.

You should be able to install the proxmox kernel headers:
apt install pve-headers-$(uname -r)

The step missing from the OpenWRT instructions posted, is that you have to go to virtual machine -> options -> edit boot order. When you remove the original disk it also gets removed from the list of bootable devices, and when you import the openwrt disk it doesnt get added back automatically.
Click to expand...

Yes I figured out that I need to enable pve no subscription repo to install the pve-header package and I was able to build the vendor driver to both RTL8168 and RTL8156 (USB). The remaining problem is somehow the RTL8156 is stuck in high speed USB mode.

Thanks a lot for the tip to sort out the OpenWRT boot issue. Indeed it defaults to net after removal of the original disk. Now it is working fine.

I revisited my reference video and it actually mentioned the same problem and the solution. Somehow I forgot even after watching the video for two times.
 
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Wondering would these same issues possibly occur with RTL8125B chips on motherboards? I just ordered a 2.5Gbe mini-pc/router from tb :unsure:
 
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xiaofan

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nephilim said:
Wondering would these same issues possibly occur with RTL8125B chips on motherboards? I just ordered a 2.5Gbe mini-pc/router from tb :unsure:
Click to expand...

You should be fine with latest PVE7.1. You can try the built-in kernel (5.13 as of now) driver first to see if it works well or not. If not you can try the installation of the vendor dkms driver. It should be better than the USB 3 based RTL8156.
Ref: https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/realtek-rtl-8125b.86747/
Ref: https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/realtek-rtl8125-network-connection-re-establishment-issues.100503/

If you want to use ESXi, then you may want to use the older ESXi 6.7 and not 7.0.
 
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xiaofan

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Since I have created Virtualbox VMs under my Windows laptop, I import one of them (FreeBSD13) into PVE and it works fine. Now I no longer have the slow network speed I encountered under Virtualbox (Type 2 hypervisors). It is still a bit slower than the Linux VMs but pretty good already.

Code: 
mcuee@freebsdx64vm:~ $ speedtest
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Testing from Singtel Fiber (121.7.97.29)...
Retrieving speedtest.net server list...
Selecting best server based on ping...
Hosted by PT FirstMedia (Singapore) [6.17 km]: 4.893 ms
Testing download speed................................................................................
Download: 724.51 Mbit/s
Testing upload speed......................................................................................................
Upload: 630.64 Mbit/s
 
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bert64

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xiaofan said:
Since I have created Virtualbox VMs under my Windows laptop, I import one of them (FreeBSD13) into PVE and it works fine. Now I no longer have the slow network speed I encountered under Virtualbox (Type 2 hypervisors). It is still a bit slower than the Linux VMs but pretty good already.

Code: 
mcuee@freebsdx64vm:~ $ speedtest
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Testing from Singtel Fiber (121.7.97.29)...
Retrieving speedtest.net server list...
Selecting best server based on ping...
Hosted by PT FirstMedia (Singapore) [6.17 km]: 4.893 ms
Testing download speed................................................................................
Download: 724.51 Mbit/s
Testing upload speed......................................................................................................
Upload: 630.64 Mbit/s
Click to expand...
The interface type can make a difference - virtio should usually be faster but the linux virtio drivers are far more mature than those for other systems.
The use of the pve firewall and the multiqueue options can also make a difference.
 
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xiaofan

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bert64 said:
The interface type can make a difference - virtio should usually be faster but the linux virtio drivers are far more mature than those for other systems.
The use of the pve firewall and the multiqueue options can also make a difference.
Click to expand...

I am pretty satisfied with the results now even with the "crappy" Realtek RTL8168 Gigabit Ethernet adapter. The virtual pfSense (FreeBSD based) router now runs pretty okay. The upload speed is pretty good. The download speed suffers a bit more but still prtty decent.

Rigtht now there is no package qemu-guest-agent available for the pfSense (but available for FreeBSD already). Not so sure if will make things even better.

pfSense router WAN -- Linux bridge vmbr0 using virtio driver, parent is the Realtek RTL8168 adapter
pfSense router LAN -- Linux bridge vmbr2 using virtio driver, parent is the Realtek USB 3 RTL8156 adapter running in USB 2.0 highspeed. I am not able to fix this as of now. But that only affects the link speed between the LAN VM and phsyical LAN machine (iperf3 shows around 320Mbps to 340Mbps). Internal LAN VMs have very fast speed to each other (iperf3 shows 6.6Gbps to 6.8Gbps).

Code: 
Debian 11 VM behind virtual pfSense router
cuee@debian:~$ speedtest -s 25960

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.54 ms   (0.29 ms jitter)
   Download:   652.86 Mbps (data used: 683.2 MB )                             
     Upload:   895.73 Mbps (data used: 1.3 GB )                             
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/6064d07a-a93d-4894-a2e2-9a39ae02c2c4

Physical Linux machine directly connected to the router (Singtel 1Gbps plan)
mcuee@ubuntu64:~$ speedtest -s 25960

   Speedtest by Ookla

     Server: Singtel - Singapore (id = 25960)
        ISP: Singtel Fiber
    Latency:     1.51 ms   (1.49 ms jitter)
   Download:   912.31 Mbps (data used: 469.4 MB)                             
     Upload:   945.73 Mbps (data used: 1.1 GB)                             
Packet Loss:     0.0%
 Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/513f4227-c954-4f78-8403-1c4aacfa4c0e
 
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xiaofan

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BTW, it seems to me Celeron N4500 (dual core) has faster single core performance than Celeron J4105 (quad core) but overall J4105 is probably better as it has quad-core, to run the hypervisors. J4125 is even faster than J4105. These CPUs seem to be popular in the low power mini PC and soft router from Taobao now.

Ref: https://www.cpu-monkey.com/en/compare_cpu-intel_celeron_n4500-1692-vs-intel_celeron_j4105-841

From Zhihu in Chinese
v2-3fee036367113f41752778a36438c639_1440w.jpg
 
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