From ur link near the bottom:
https://www.schoolbag.edu.sg/story/six-discipline-questions-answered/
Doesnt seem like there is clear framework and guidance. The appropriate disciplinary measures for offences are also not set out.
With such big gap, no wonder schools cannot deal with bullying effectively.
"There are school rules and guidelines, but they are only a reference point. We need to manage discipline on a case-by-case basis. We need to know the cause of the child’s behaviour, so we can come up with the appropriate measure. It is quite a complex decision. We have to look at the child, the circumstances of the offence, and the support that a child is receiving at home and from the community.
There’s a broad list of major and minor offences identified by MOE, but the disciplinary measures for them are up to each school to decide."