Interesting article but it remains how accurate the measurement of the data is. I usually get the roaming option added on to my Singtel account. Last time there I used over 4 Gig in 3.5 days even though I used the hotel wifi and any free wifi available. I know for a fact there is no way I used this much data but yep, it ran out. So bottom line it is not how much it costs it is how the data is measured.
This sounds as if your mobile device wasn't latching on to the respective Wi-Fi options available?
The only aspect of how data is measured comes into play is how they charge -- i.e. what's the charge per block of data is consumed beyond what's allowed/allocated per day of use, depending on what you've subscribed to.
So perhaps it's a mixture of both considerations, but more often than not, the bulk of the cost is how much data was consumed and its associated costs. For the main telco players, they would often list how you've been charged for the avoidance of doubt.
If you do get to investigate what happened and how you were charged, we would like to hear about it, too.