From the above Reddit as well, from a former insider.
*****
too much to explain here. will try to share bit of details
- Every phone hook up to a cell access point or station. the cone thingy you notice at the station or underground. all this CAS connect to one mobile cell station at the CE room. imagine how much load can it handle when 200 to 300 on going user swarm the station. there are too many overlapping cell around. it all depends on your mobile phone modem to "decide" which cell is the strongest to lock on via VSSI and +5db to -40db.
- Station operated by operator. Telco infra installed by telco. works need to be approved by LTA and operator (SMRT, SBST).
- In the tunnel. how you get the network connectivity is via the Leaky cable installed along side the tunnel. you can see those black thick cable. each cable carries multiple frequency spectrum thru the tunnel for mobile cell connectivity and public safety coommunication (SPF and SCDF).
Try to illustrate. for sample
Woodleigh to Serangoon is 10km apart. Serangoon to Kovan is 10km apart. Woodleigh cell will last until 5km between woodleigh and serangoon. moving from woodleigh to serangoon. when the train, mobile phone or walkie reach that point. the RSSI will drop -5db and lock on to the next cell which is Serangoon. you will get 42db something like that.
so imagine every morning 7 to 8am. full peak hour. the entire telecom there is overloaded. bandwidth will be starved.
4. Telecom communication equipment are sensitive equipment that must not interfere with trainborne signnaling equipment. so most of the equipment are EMI shield. thats explains why some places in the underground station has no reception. there is a reason for that.
Summary. in singapore, our network cell coverage is very good underground. if you cannot get a decent data connection. just put your phone down and enjoy the peak hour. Please try london tube. by the time i walk down to platform level at picadilly station, there is no network coverage. most of the London Tube has no network coverage.
so for this, i sincerely appreciate the coverage and my former colleagues for maintaining the cellular coverage for underground stations.
Sign off
Raccoon!