Indeed, one's personal financial decisions can affect his dependents. Relying on whole life insurance policies becomes a conundrum for the insured and the family!
Someone who can spend X amount of money to buy Y amount of coverage in whole life policies will find that Y amount is insufficient. This is simply because whole life policy is just expensive for every dollar insured! Let me illustrate with the hypothetical example of John who's 25 years old with a child and his wife.
Possible Scenario 1
If John earns about $2,500 and spends $300 to get about $200,000 in coverage, the amount can barely make for 7 years of income replacement should he die, be disabled or be critically ill. Similarly, if John earns $5,000, he might be able to budget $600 to get $400,000 in coverage, but this amount can also only make for less than 7 years of income replacement.
Result: Inadequate insurance protection as whole life policies are expensive for each dollar insured. Pitiful family should John die prematurely.
Possible Scenario 2
In order to overcome this, John might think of increasing the premiums he pays towards a whole life protection plan. His commission-earning agent is more than likely to oblige. He now pays $600 towards a whole life policy that insures $400,000, which can last more than 13 years. With good management of the payout, the family is able to replace John's $2,500 monthly salary in its entirety if they can receive 7.5% returns per annum on the payout. Realistically if they get some 4-5%, they can probably last until the kid grows up and is independent.
However, if 75% of his income goes towards expenses and he has 25% left for insurance, savings and investments, he would have committed almost all of this 25% into the whole life plan, and have $25 a month for his retirement savings. Even if we take him to be a good saver and spends only 60% of his income, he would only have a bout $400 a month to save and invest for his retirement, which means he either has to retire at a much older age, or just decrease the quality of his retirement lifestyle. He can lapse the plan for money, but that means losing his insurance cover, never mind the relatively poor returns of a whole life plan.
Result: Adequate whole life coverage, but not enough money for retirement at a reasonable quality and age. Poor child who has to support John if he reaches an old age without claiming.
Choose Between Being Able to Retire or Being Properly Insured
So, the only things that you can hope for if you're insured solely with a whole life limited pay are 1) you buy little whole life insurance and hope nothing happens to you, or 2) you buy lots of whole life insurance and hope that something happens to you.
Choose Both!
However, there is a strategy that has been described and explained, "buy term invest the rest", which allows you to:
- have adequate life insurance coverage during your working period with an inexpensive term policy
- have sufficient retirement funds for a comfortable lifestyle at a reasonable age of retirement
- have the best insurance "product" of all after retirement - SELF-INSURANCE
Which reminds me of the 3rd scenario whereby one has whole life coverage and yet cannot claim because the medical condition does not satisfy the contractual terms.
Result: Bought insurance, need to have income replacement but cannot claim due to claims requirements not being met. Poor John and his family.
Self-insurance makes YOU the claims officer. No denial of claims, no waiting time, no potentially tedious claims process etc. People who pick whole life coverage as their main policy end up with inadequate resources for self-insurance and thus have to rely on the whole life policy should anything happen - an ironic, self-fulfilling trap! You buy whole life insurance thinking that you cannot self-insure yourself in the later parts of your life and end up not being able to self-insure because you bought whole life insurance!
I think the mathematics of BTIR has been detailed quite enough and it's shown that not only is it more advantageous to an individual, it also numerically superior be it in terms of preparing one for retirement or self-insurance, so one can read earlier posts about that. But of course, not everyone can effectively do BTIR, which is why some (maybe most) people may opt for a small limited pay whole life insurance as a fallback, but BTIR should still be the main strategy behind one's financial portfolio in order to be able to achieve both insuring oneself and being able to retire properly.