I did not read much of the above discussion so if anything has already been covered just ignore it
Firstly, do you need to OC?
For me, I only starting OCing my 2500k 3 years in after upgrading my 560ti to a 970. A 2500k at stock settings bottlenecked my gpu quite badly, and I found 4.1 to be the sweet spot interms of voltage for me.
Secondly, what is your target frequency?
Generally if you just wanna casually OC to sub 4.5ghz frequencies, do not touch the CPU cstates. Changing them can affect power consumption and heat production and can also cause your SATA hdd/ssd performance to decrease.
For me I am running 4.1ghz at 1.2 vcore. I have left all the other voltages at default.
Vcore=the voltage being sent to your CPU
VID=the voltage your CPU thinks it needs to run at the frequency you set
If you leave your voltages on auto, your cpu will then try to draw close to the VID. However, VID will almost certainly be too high a voltage needed to run your OC stably. SO you should always tweak your vcore to find the minimum needed to run stably.
Too little vcore=bsod
too much vcore=stable but excess heat, power consumption, potentially reduced lifespan
You mentioned how your vid ranges from 0.9xx to 1.3xx. Thats becuase you are running in offset mode.
If you enter your bios, you will see 2 settings for your vcore (offset and manual). With all your cstates left on default and in offset mode, your CPU will ramp down to 1.6ghz when idle and up to your OC frequency under load. At the lower frequency less voltage needed so vid drop.
On manual mode (this Im not too sure cause i only run on offset mode), your CPU voltage will run at the voltage you key in. If you have your cpu setting son default, it will still ramp down to 1.6ghz, but the vcore will remain as you keyed in your bios.
I recommend offset mode as safe power. In offset mode u will see either + or -. Say your VID is 1.35, but you want only 1.25 as your vcore, so you can key in -0.1. If your VID is 1.35, but you want 1.4, then you key in +0.05. You need to try and error abit to find what you need.
Underload, you might notice that your vcore drops below what u set in the bios. That is because of vdroop. Its a safety rfeature built into all mobos to prevent voltage spikes. What it does is to lower the voltage to your cpu under high load. It is completely normal. Therefore, you need to take the post vdroop voltage into consideration to see if your OC is stable.
You can either increase vcore to compenstate for vdroop, or set a load line calibration. LLC basically helps you reduce the amount of vdroop. However, it places extra stress on your mobo, so I personally dont use it.
I have typed all th from my years of wasting time on tech forums. P{lease educate me if i am wrong

