Yep, then your itinerary is pretty good. There's a few things you won't be able to hit, but ten days is a nice compromise - let's see what we can do for you.
Fair question. You won't be able to get over the back of Yosemite (Tioga Pass is going to be snowed in); you almost certainly won't be able to get up to Bryce Canyon; and the Grand Canyon South Rim is going to be a coin-flip (I've been there in October and it's been snowy). Carry snow chains for your car just in case (or get a 4WD), but everything else should be fair game.
Most places will be fine with this - but also, roadside accommodation is cheap.
Let's see what you can do with eleven nights on the road in the great American West...
Day 1: SF to Yosemite. If you leave SF early, you'll have plenty of time to spend the day in Yosemite enjoying the chill (make sure you pack warm!). If you can't get a room in the national park itself for the night, get a room down the hill in Mariposa or Merced.
Day 2: Drive down through Bakersfield to Death Valley National Park (you'll get there late in the evening, trust me, that is a LOOOONG drive, and don't skimp on fuel; once you get past Bakersfield it's pretty bleak). Try to get a room at the Furnace Creek Ranch, which is lovely.
Day 3: Spend the morning seeing the sights in Death Valley - Badwater (the lowest and hottest point in America), Zabriskie Point (a magical overlook), and the Artist's Palette. Then drive out of Death Valley and head for Las Vegas (stopping on the way at the Area 51 Truck Stop and Brothel, just because); spend the night in Vegas (it'll be dirt-cheap in December, so splurge on a nice room in a nice hotel).
Day 4: From your base in Vegas, head out to Red Rock Canyon for the day. In the evening, either treat yourself in your hotel's spa, or go out and catch a show (see below re: Penn and Teller at the Rio).
Pro tip: if you want the best view of the famous Bellagio fountains, go to Hyde nightclub early in the evening, between five and six p.m.; that time of the night you'll have no trouble getting a seat on the outside patio, literally right behind the fountains, where you can enjoy a cocktail and laugh at all the suckers crowded along the Strip on the other side.
Day 5: You can do another day in Vegas if you want, or hit the road and head for Zion Canyon. Stop off at the Valley of Fire on the way for some epic scenery; then press on through Arizona and into Utah. For the easiest access to Zion, stay in the little town of Springdale, right at the park entrance; if you get a room at the Cable Mountain Lodge you can literally walk across a bridge and into the park, or if you're further up town (the Desert Pearl Inn is fab), there's a shuttle bus that takes you to the park entrance.
If Springdale is snowed in, you can stay down the hill in St. George; there's lots of cheap motels there, and you can drive up the hill when the roads re-open.
Day 6: Spend a day in Zion. You've earned it. (I've never done Zion in the winter, so I'm not sure what's open and what isn't, but: post photos when you get back!).
Day 7: Normally at this point I'd tell people to head out the back of Zion and up to Bryce Canyon, but this might be tough. As an alternative, you can get from Zion to Bryce the long way round, through Colorado City and Kanab; this road should be clear even in the winter. (I've driven that road while it was snowing, in a two-wheel-drive sports car, with no chains. It was totally fine, but I needed a change of pants afterward.)
Bryce Canyon NP itself might be snowed in; you'll want to check in advance re: what's open in the park.
Day 8: At this point, it's a bit of a sprint to get back to Los Angeles. Head down to the lil' town of Page, and drop into Antelope Canyon.
Day 9: Head to the big daddy: Grand Canyon Village, on the south rim. This may be quite snowy - the south rim of the Grand Canyon gets surprisingly snowy, and the north rim closes entirely in winter - so drive carefully; stop over at the Cameron Trading Post on the way for souvenirs.
Day 10: Explore the Grand Canyon, then get on the road late in the afternoon. Push on as far west as you can, then bail for the night. Your destination is:
Day 11: Palm Springs, home of 50s Hollywood glamour. Get here, take a tour of the stars' homes, and have a well-earned sleep.
The good thing about ending this trip in Palm Springs is that you're over on the west side of Los Angeles, a quick hour-and-a-half drive from Anaheim, which is where Disneyland is.
Enjoy!