In terms of "future proofing", I have a very simple approach. It begins with things that stay the same for 1/2 a decade despite any "innovations". For example, your PSU. When you begin, start with a PSU that is way more than you will need. Say your system requires 550. Just go ahead and get that 850. Another example is the Case. Don't think of that micro atx. Go for the Big hefty bulky one with lots of input for fans.
Yes it is expensive but it will set you up for..
The second string of medium term parts like CPU and Mobo. depending on your needs, the i5 of 3-4 years ago (sandy bridge) is still more than sufficient for gaming and basic microsoft application work. Only you can say for certain whether some "techs" that are new now will be viable 3 years later. In my opinion for example, USB C ports. Really? Even if USB C becomes the thing in 3 years, can't I just charge my laptop using like the power socket? Or connect my monitor to like my GPU? On the other hand, SLI vs Crossfire slots. That extra 50 bux you invest can jolly well save you from getting a brand new mobo in 2-3 years which brings me to..
The peripherals like your monitor. Decide on a resolution now that you think you will love in 5 years. Pick a monitor that supports that resolution and don't think about it. 4 years ago, full HD was the thing. And it is still relevant today. Today the next big thing is 1440p and 4k. Pick one and stick with it. Don't worry about your GPU not running games well in 1440p. The next GPU you get will get you in 1-2 years will certainly get you there. 4k may be the buzzword today but in my opinion, it will not be mainstream for the next 5 years at least. Its just impractical outside of the PC experience.
And there are things you must recognize cannot be future proofed. GPUs being the key one. If the new game needs it, there is no ifs and buts. It is what it is.