N1
Reading: Reads logically constructed writing, such as newspaper editorials intended for
native speakers and can follow the reasoning; reads highly abstract writing and can
comprehend configurations of abstract concepts. Reads deep-content materials in a broad
range of subjects and can comprehend both the progression of ideas and specific nuances.
Listening: Comprehends coherent conversations, news reports, lectures, and the like, spoken at natural speed in a broad variety of settings; can follow the progression of ideas and comprehend the content. Understands relationships among people discussed, logical
structures, and other such details, and can grasp essential points.
N2
Reading: Capable of reading and understanding general information manuals and other
basic written materials intended for native speakers. Can read more specialized materials
with the aid of a dictionary. Reads simply written materials on general topics and can both follow the progression of ideas and understand nuances.
Listening: Comprehends coherent conversations, news reports, and the like, spoken at
nearly natural speed, in everyday life and various other settings. Can follow the flow of
remarks and comprehend the content; understands relationships among people discussed
and can grasp essential points.
N3
Reading: Capable of reading and understanding materials written for native speakers only if they are rewritten for nonnative speakers with simplified vocabulary and kanji. Can derive a limited amount of information from article titles in newspapers intended for native
speakers. Can glean necessary information from written materials encountered in daily life
with the aid of a dictionary, if sufficient time is provided.
Listening: Comprehends coherent conversations spoken at more-or-less natural speed in
everyday life and in some settings seldom encountered in daily life; can generally follow a
particular flow of remarks as well as relationships among people discussed.
N4
Reading: Capable of reading and understanding written materials intended for nonnative
speakers on familiar topics.
Listening: Comprehends conversations encountered in daily life and can generally follow
the flow of remarks, provided they are spoken slowly and can be repeated.
N5
Reading: Capable of reading and understanding phrases and sentences written for
nonnative speakers using hiragana and very basic kanji.
Listening: Comprehends patterned conversations, consisting primarily of phrases and
simple sentences, in daily life, typical classroom situations, and other familiar settings; can glean needed information from spoken language provided it is adapted for a nonnative
speaker, spoken slowly, and can be repeated.