Openwrt Router Firmware

xiaofan

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Finally decided to carry out the upgrade yesterday evening.

Singtel ONT -- OpenWRT Virtual Router ( Intel N100 Mini PC with PVE8.0, quad Intel 2.5G NICs) -- ZTE BE7200 Pro+ in AP mode (it has dual 2.5G ports. I will use RT-AX82U as a backup for now)

I have not done much yet -- just set up DDNS, Dns over HTTPs and Adblock Fast.

Singtel IPv6 is not working yet. This may be due to switching of the router -- I will need to check later.

I will set up things like Wireguard Server and Tailscale/Zerotier later.

Unfortunately Singtel native IPv6 is still not working. The setting is the same as before but no more WAN IPv6 address given by Singtel.

Edit to update: it was working after 24 hours. Just need to be patient.
https://forums.hardwarezone.com.sg/threads/ipv6-discussions.6976522/page-4
 
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acidcrash

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Finally decided to carry out the upgrade yesterday evening.

Singtel ONT -- OpenWRT Virtual Router ( Intel N100 Mini PC with PVE8.0, quad Intel 2.5G NICs) -- ZTE BE7200 Pro+ in AP mode (it has dual 2.5G ports. I will use RT-AX82U as a backup for now)

I have not done much yet -- just set up DDNS, Dns over HTTPs and Adblock Fast.

Singtel IPv6 is not working yet. This may be due to switching of the router -- I will need to check later.

I will set up things like Wireguard Server and Tailscale/Zerotier later.
how much ram do you have installed on your n100 pve? 8/16GB? Storage?
 

xiaofan

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how much ram do you have installed on your n100 pve? 8/16GB? Storage?

My Intel J4105 mini-PC (PVE 7.4) has quad Intel I210 gigabit NICs, 8GB RAM/256GB SSD. It has no issues with 1Gbps internet. It was running 24/7 from Jan 2021 to March 2024. I only ran one instance of always-on VM (OpenWRT or pfSense or OPNsense) and three instances of always-on LxC containers. pfSense/OPNsense may require 3GB/4GB RAM. Then I would run one instance of Linux or BSD VMs (usually 2GB RAM only) on demand.

The replacement Intel N100 mini PC (PVE 8.0) has quad Intel I226-V 2.5G NICs and16GB RAM /512GB SSD. Usually I will install quite some VMs so 512GB storage is nice to have. WIth 16GB, I can assign more RAM to the VMs (say from 2GB last time to 4GB now for the Linux/BSD VMs). And now I can run one instance of always-on router VM (4GB RAM) and then two instances of Linux/BSD VMs (4GB x 2 = 8GB RAM) on demand.

I have another Intel N100 mini PC (PVE 8.0) with dual Intel I226-V 2.5G NICs, 16GB/512GB configuration as well. I have about 20 router/Linux/BSD VMs installed. And I play with OpenWRT/pfSense/OPNsense as well (Double NAT after Asus RT-AX86U).
 

xiaofan

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Setting up the wireguard server again on the OpenWRT virtual router on PVE 8.0 (Intel N100 mini PC).

I am still using the script here. You need to install wireguard first.
https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/vpn/wireguard/automated

Then you can copy/paste the configure to Windows/Linux wireguard client.

For mobile phone, you can use qrencode to generate the QR Code under OpenWRT and then import to the Wireguard App.

Bash:
root@OpenWrt:/etc/wireguard/networks/lan/peers/1_lan_Alpha#
qrencode -t ansiutf8 < 1_lan_Alpha.conf

Wireguard SpeedTest: using wireless first.

Wireguard server -- OpenWRT 23.05.2 virtual router
Wireguard client -- Acer Swift 3 2021 model (Intel Core i5-1135G7, Intel AX201 adapter) connected to Asus RT-AX86U router using wireless

Bash:
PS C:\work\speedtest\ookla-speedtest-1.2.0-win64> .\speedtest.exe -s 13623

   Speedtest by Ookla

      Server: Singtel - Singapore (id: 13623)
         ISP: Singtel Fibre
Idle Latency:     4.69 ms   (jitter: 0.29ms, low: 4.50ms, high: 5.25ms)
    Download:   406.93 Mbps (data used: 487.4 MB)
                 32.44 ms   (jitter: 39.25ms, low: 9.31ms, high: 297.02ms)
      Upload:   289.57 Mbps (data used: 408.4 MB)
                  8.63 ms   (jitter: 5.07ms, low: 3.85ms, high: 216.18ms)
 Packet Loss:     4.5%
  Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/e4e231ae-f12a-4683-b1a2-3af4fefced16

Without Wireguard as a comparison.

Bash:
PS C:\work\speedtest\ookla-speedtest-1.2.0-win64> .\speedtest.exe -s 13623

   Speedtest by Ookla

      Server: Singtel - Singapore (id: 13623)
         ISP: Singtel Fibre
Idle Latency:     3.41 ms   (jitter: 0.49ms, low: 3.15ms, high: 4.74ms)
    Download:   846.64 Mbps (data used: 783.6 MB)
                 14.38 ms   (jitter: 5.56ms, low: 6.18ms, high: 38.08ms)
      Upload:   748.88 Mbps (data used: 728.8 MB)
                 17.85 ms   (jitter: 8.73ms, low: 5.15ms, high: 134.50ms)
 Packet Loss:     0.0%
  Result URL: https://www.speedtest.net/result/c/4b91e06e-4386-434f-9879-075067b42547
 

xiaofan

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Discussion of why it is difficult to get an off-the-shelf low cost (about US$100) wireless router which can work with OpenWRT (easy installation by new users) and support SQM >= 300Mbps.

https://forum.openwrt.org/t/best-newcomer-routers-2024/189050/36

1. From Rich Brown.
The following routers meet (or are close to) the criteria, and links to their recommendations
Honorable mentions: These seem to be good routers, but don't meet all the criteria for newcomers:
  • Netgear WAX206 - Looks easy to flash; similar power as Linksys E8450; may be available under US$100 on eBay
  • Cudy WR3000 - Two-step install process is confusing for newcomers; reported to max out at 360-380Mbps with SQM 4; under $60 and otherwise looks interesting
  • TP-Link AX23 - £53.99 on Amazon UK, likely can only support SQM at 100Mbps; nice link to the Device Page instructions
  • Linksys E8450/Belkin RT3200 - lots of power, highly-regarded, but has a confusing two-step install process for newcomers. No longer recommended for newcomers. This topic 6 describes difficulties with flashing/recovering/bricking

2. The post from slh is more in line -- using x86_64 mini PC (like Intel N100) and then dump AP.

Newer WiFi 6 routers may get better support by OpenWRT as well which will do SQM>=300Mbps but the low cost ones may still struggle with SQM>=900Mbps.

+++++++++++++++++++
Even the first generation of wifi6 devices (e.g. mt7622bv+mt7915) is getting replaced by the (cost- and feature) optimized second wave (e.g. filogic 820/ 830). What you end up with, are either cheap low-end devices (e.g. mt7621a+mt7915DBDC) which have no chance of meeting your performance requirements - or devices that are simply too new for your 23.05.2 support requirement (and yes, also exceed your price cap and often the ease-of-flashing one as well).

+++++++++++++++++
Btw., the most you may expect from the r7800/ xr500 with sqm/cake would be around 180 MBit/s, less if PPPoE or similar things are involved.

The GL.Inet GL-MT6000 is probably most promising (I have no personal experiences with it, GL.Inet or filogic 820/ 830 in general though), but it's obviously outside of your price range.

The OpenWrt One should come close as well (claiming to meet all of your strict requirements, aside from not being available yet), but the 1+1 ethernet ports are a deterrence for many normal users (including myself, I've made the experience that less than 1+3 or better 1+4 ports on the router does severely limit my options).

Things like the NanoPi r2s/ r4s or a four-port x86_64 system (e.g. alderlake-n/ n100) solve the sqm/cake vs performance issue easily, but obviously lack the wireless capabilites (but maybe the existing/ old router (with its OEM firmware) can be used as dumb-AP, in the worst case in a double-NAT setup).
+++++++++++++++++
 

xiaofan

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Newer WiFi 6/6E routers may get better support by OpenWRT. Now there are 94 entries -- some with snapshot release.
https://openwrt.org/toh/views/toh_available_16128_ax-wifi

Some interesting ones with fast MediaTek Filogic 830 CPU
1. GL.iNet Flint 2 (GL-MT6000) with dual 2.5G ports, AX6000, officially supported by OpenWRT 23.05
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/gl-inet-flint-2-gl-mt6000-discussions/173524/262

2. Asus TUF-AX4200 (single 2.5G port, AX4200), officially supported by OpenWRT 23.05
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/asus-tuf-ax4200-support/155738/376?page=19

3. Asus TUF-AX6000 (dual 2.5G ports, AX6000), snapshot release now
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/asus-tuf-gaming-ax6000-support/163002/189?page=10
 
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GlassDoor

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openwrt is also a great way to recycle or upcycle gears that are abandoned by their makers
case in point xiaomi ax3600 which has great hardware but software never reached greatest under xiaomi

take note that not all openwrt supported firmware include vendor specific offload drivers.. so deeper dive needed

ax3600 is officially supported by openwrt and does not included offload from the NPU (qualcomm NSS cores)
but there is a fork with NSS support. and the latest builds is as fast as original vendor firmware with all the latest she-bang from the latest openwrt commits

https://openwrt.org/toh/xiaomi/ax3600
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/ipq807x-nss-build

personally, i recommend this
https://github.com/JuliusBairaktaris/Qualcommax_NSS_Builder

if you need to customize.. just fork the above and build your own...
 

hwzlite

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openwrt is also a great way to recycle or upcycle gears that are abandoned by their makers
case in point xiaomi ax3600 which has great hardware but software never reached greatest under xiaomi

take note that not all openwrt supported firmware include vendor specific offload drivers.. so deeper dive needed

ax3600 is officially supported by openwrt and does not included offload from the NPU (qualcomm NSS cores)
but there is a fork with NSS support. and the latest builds is as fast as original vendor firmware with all the latest she-bang from the latest openwrt commits

https://openwrt.org/toh/xiaomi/ax3600
https://forum.openwrt.org/t/ipq807x-nss-build

personally, i recommend this
https://github.com/JuliusBairaktaris/Qualcommax_NSS_Builder

if you need to customize.. just fork the above and build your own...

Cool bro GlassDoor!

Can help chip in your ax3600 NSS built info to Crowd-sourcing the Wi-Fi Chip info?
Which I already done on ax3600 stock 23.05.3 :giggle:
 

GlassDoor

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Cool bro GlassDoor!

Can help chip in your ax3600 NSS built info to Crowd-sourcing the Wi-Fi Chip info?
Which I already done on ax3600 stock 23.05.3 :giggle:
eh... me don't get it.. wifi chip info? AX3600 specs macham beaten to death already.. what new info and purpose?

You should give it a spin... and be amazed by the speed compared to stock openwrt on ax3600

root@XXX:~# ubus call system board | grep 'model\|description'
"model": "Xiaomi AX3600",
"description": "OpenWrt SNAPSHOT r0-0901417"
root@XXX:~# iw list | grep 'Wiphy\|TXQS\|AIRTIME_FAIRNESS\|AQL'
Wiphy phy2
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs
Wiphy phy1
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs
Wiphy phy0
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs
* [ AIRTIME_FAIRNESS ]: airtime fairness scheduling
* [ AQL ]: Airtime Queue Limits (AQL)
root@XXX:~# iwinfo | grep 'Hardware:\|PHY name'
Hardware: embedded [Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074]
Supports VAPs: yes PHY name: phy1
 

hwzlite

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eh... me don't get it.. wifi chip info? AX3600 specs macham beaten to death already.. what new info and purpose?

You should give it a spin... and be amazed by the speed compared to stock openwrt on ax3600

root@XXX:~# ubus call system board | grep 'model\|description'
"model": "Xiaomi AX3600",
"description": "OpenWrt SNAPSHOT r0-0901417"
root@XXX:~# iw list | grep 'Wiphy\|TXQS\|AIRTIME_FAIRNESS\|AQL'
Wiphy phy2
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs
Wiphy phy1
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs

Wiphy phy0
* [ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs
* [ AIRTIME_FAIRNESS ]: airtime fairness scheduling
* [ AQL ]: Airtime Queue Limits (AQL)

root@XXX:~# iwinfo | grep 'Hardware:\|PHY name'
Hardware: embedded [Qualcomm Atheros IPQ8074]
Supports VAPs: yes PHY name: phy1





It's more about "How OpenWrt Vanquishes Bufferbloat" :

On Wireless Connections

Since OpenWrt is an access point, it can manage all the traffic flowing toward the many devices ("stations") that it serves. The "OpenWrt Wi-Fi Driver" uses the following mechanisms to reduce latency:

  1. Individual transmit queues for each wireless station/client. Each queue ues fq_codel to control the amount of data queued for that station.
  2. Airtime Fairness (ATF) to give each wireless client a fair share of the airtime as opposed to the number of bytes sent/received with ordinary Wi-Fi drivers. This ensures a low-rate (slow) station does not use up all the airtime (the so-called "WiFi anomaly"). ATF uses round-robin scheduling of all active stations to ensure they each use only their fair share of the available airtime.
  3. Airtime Queue Limits (AQL) to prevent the chip hardware from queueing too much data for any one wireless station. Many wireless chipsets have significant (unnecessary) queueing. By default, AQL analyzes the actual bit rate for that station and ensures that no more than 12 msec of data is queued for it.
Modern OpenWrt supports the Wi-Fi driver for certain chipsets.



You can refer more on my findings below : :giggle:
  1. https://forums.hardwarezone.com.sg/threads/fyi-a-bufferbloat-101.6427979/post-151519973
  2. https://forums.hardwarezone.com.sg/threads/fyi-a-bufferbloat-101.6427979/post-151608224
  3. https://forums.hardwarezone.com.sg/threads/fyi-a-bufferbloat-101.6427979/post-151683301



Unfortunately according your NSS built results , phy1 & phy2 only support "[ TXQS ]: FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate TXQs" , same as my findings on stock v23.05.3....
 
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GlassDoor

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what about bufferbloat? I use ax3600 as a dumb AP...
i just casually ran a few waveform bufferbloat test connected to the ax3600 as dumb AP... results were all A grade
 

hwzlite

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what about bufferbloat? I use ax3600 as a dumb AP...
i just casually ran a few waveform bufferbloat test connected to the ax3600 as dumb AP... results were all A grade

Yeah TXQS alone is already at work there, even better if with AIRTIME_FAIRNESS & AQL on multi-concurrent clients.
 

xiaofan

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Some Low cost (below S$200) WiFi 6 routers capable of running OpenWRT (AX3000 or above)
https://openwrt.org/toh/views/toh_available_16128_ax-wifi

Xiaomi China models
https://www.mi.com/shop/search?keyword=路由
Xiaomi AX3000T -- RMB 299
XIaomi Redmi AX6S -- RMB 239
Xiaomi Redmi AX6000 -- RMB 379
Xiaomi AX9000 triband -- RMB 899
(Xiaomi AX3600 -- older obsolete model)

TP-Link China models
TP-Link XDR-6086 -- RMB 829
TP-Link XDR-6086 -- RMB 899

H3C China model
H3C Magic NX30 Pro

Note: I do not recommend buying routers with 256MB RAM in general even though I tend to think they may be okay to be used as an AP. Lower cost models may not have good workmanship (eg: H3C Magic NX30 Pro).
 
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GlassDoor

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Some Low cost (below S$200) WiFi 6 routers capable of running OpenWRT (AX3000 or above)
https://openwrt.org/toh/views/toh_available_16128_ax-wifi

Xiaomi China models
https://www.mi.com/shop/search?keyword=路由
Xiaomi AX3000T -- RMB 299
XIaomi Redmi AX6S -- RMB 239
Xiaomi Redmi AX6000 -- RMB 379
Xiaomi AX9000 triband -- RMB 899
(Xiaomi AX3600 -- older obsolete model)

TP-Link China models
TP-Link XDR-6086 -- RMB 829
TP-Link XDR-6086 -- RMB 899

H3C China model
H3C Magic NX30 Pro
TUF-AX4200 is another cheap and good..... just import from CN and flash openwrt....
 

xiaofan

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@xiaofan
What are some recommended VLAN capable switches?

Can recommend a list of dumb switches as well?

Cheap VLAN capble Smart Switch (lower end, lightly managed switch) which I am using:
TP-Link TL-SG105E and TL-SG108E

Cheap and good unmanged switch:
TP-Link TL-SG105 and TL-SG108

For higher-end managed switch, maybe you can look at MikroTik or Ubiquiti. @TanKianW should be able to give better recommendation.
 

xiaofan

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Very cheap WiFi 6 routers which can flash to OpenWRT based on Filogic 820 MT7981x (below RMB250 or S$50).

https://openwrt.org/toh/views/toh_available_16128_ax-wifi
Xiaomi AX3000T (snapshot release only)
H3C Magic NX30 Pro
Xiaomi WR32U
Qihoo 360T7
CMCC RAX3000M

Note: I do not recommend buying routers with 256MB RAM in general even though I tend to think they may be okay to be used as an AP. Lower cost models may not have good workmanship (eg: H3C Magic NX30 Pro).
 
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