Good evening bro, will help you as much as i can. Think some technical stuff some bros here like ftpo might be more well-versed. However i will try to help you as much as i can!
1) yes there is a difference between RX and stock lens. As said, stock lens are lenses that are already CUT and can be obtained easily. As such the powers being kept for the lenses are only up to a certain range and for astigmatism concerns, Probably up to -2.00 to -4.00(depending on the brand you are choosing). Thus RX lenses, if you noticed, they actually mean lenses that are more customized thus will be able to reach the desired astig degree that you need. Highest i seen so far is up to -9.00 of astigmatism.
2)HVP stands for Hi Vision View protect. Its the older version for Hoya multicoat and only some of their lenses uses them now. Most of their new lenses are using the Hi-Vision Long life coating(HVLL) which is deemed to be better by wearers in terms of clarity, durability of the lens multicoat.
3) Yes. Especially lenses like (polycarbonate) lenses, the clarity for the lenses is reduced as compared to the other indexes, 1.56/1.6/1.67 however the Toughness of the lenses of course makes up for the reduced clarity of the lenses. But should you require lenses which are more impact resistance, you can consider using TRIVEX material which is 1.53 index. It has More abbe value compared to polycarbonate. Regarding Abbe Value, the lower the abbe value, the more chromatic abberation you will encounter. E.g. Color fringes at the peripheral of the lenses.
Fyi. There are still lots more to cover for these 3 qns but...for now i think this is what i can think of at the moment.
Correct me if i am wrong guys or feel free to add on! Hope this helps you for now!