5M will be very comfortable, thats about 200k in passive. Pretty hard to achieve unless u have strong salary, asset acceleration and rich spouse. IMO, 2m will be the goldilocks zone, 100k in passive, will be sufficient for most as long as majority of ur 2M is in asset classes. Time should be the most impt, having 5M at 70 vs having 2M at 50. i would rather choose 2M @ 50
There are alot of assumptions in "$200k passive per year from $5M".
This implies
$50k $40k passive per year from $1M.
Actually it is
about half.
What I mean:
$1M split into two baskets:
Basket A: $500k just for
passive income (eg. dividend) at 5% : $25k
Basket B: $500k for
capital growth (no withdrawal pressure), average annualized return target about 15%: $75k
Basket A has no withdrawal pressure, but will suffer capital depreciation due to inflation, so Basket B need to periodically rebalance and transfer an amount corresponding to inflation rate back to Basket A.
Inflation rate = 4% -> Transfer amount is $20k per year.
Since Basket B is not under withdrawal pressure, the amount is not $20k per year, but variable amount and timing depending on several rebalance occurring over a period of two to four years.
If you look at the above figures from this strategy of two baskets, you only have $25k passive from $1M.
It's not $50k passive.
That's why need $2M and more for ordinary person.
The excess returns from Basket B?
Basket B will have excess return of $75k - $20k (return to basket A) - $20k (return to basket B) = $35k, but it is non-guaranteed, and so
you shouldn't treat it as income during planning stage. If bear market occurs, and you do not shortsell the market, then you basically have zero or negative returns. Then the $35k from past year need to cover for this year both inflation rate + drawdown from bear market.
The key is your ability to grow basket B regardless of bull or bear market. If you can achieve super-returns from growth basket, say 30% consistently, you can reduce retirement figure from $2M to much smaller amount.
There are some forumers here that earn returns for basket B at >100% recently (or average annualized >30%).
These are frankly, NOT ordinary people and are RARE.