Hmm thanks for the advice. Actually in my shots there are often channelling that occurs. But I feel that my workflow is pretty alright and the only way to improve is to change grinder (which i am not going to do as I already have a macap M4 which is decent enough for me), or buy a coffee distributor tool and a PUSH tamper for even tamping (though both tools are too expensive imo for what they do and doesn't justify its high price). The following is the steps that i take.
1. Grind
2. Empty doser into a plastic 58mm cup
3. overturn cup into a portafilter and shake it up to produce an even bed (think the forward pushing motion while making fried rice in a wok to "flip the rice") - learnt this while i was working in a cafe part time
4. WDT with a toothpick - only did this after reading your post - any tips on how to do it best? i.e what motions to do and is there such thing as stirring too much?
5. tap the portafilter a couple times
6. tamp (i put the tamper flat and then press with my palm on the top of the tamper) - gives a pretty even tamp)
7. Brew.
^ while doing these steps today, the portafilter basket fills up evenly initially - indicating that it is not an uneven tamp and that the grinds are distributed well. But there were some dead spots still and small spritz of channelling. However, the taste is pretty good so i guess i shouldn't look too much into this. Of course, looking forward to when there is no channeling in my shots and it should taste even better. Shot time on a home ground roast was 21 seconds with 18g in and 40g out. Will try a darker roast for my next bag of coffee and see if adding WDT into the routine makes the coffee extraction nicer as I wasn't doing it as I watched Matt Perger's videos and he said that tapping is enough and WDT wasn't necessary but after doing it, my shots looked better and will continue doing so.
Some thoughts why there is still spritzing or deadspots:
1. Main suspect. Shot time too fast for the volume you are extracting. Try 18g dose for 18g VST, with 36g out at
30 secs. The flow rate is too fast cos the puck is not giving enough resistance for the rest of your basket to saturate nicely, to create a nice even flow. The water is just going thru the least path of resistance. Solution is to grind finer.
2. are you using 18g vst for the 18 g dose? Depending on the type of coffee you use you will need to dose a bit more or less. lights roasts are denser and hence will take up less volume in your filter basket and hence you will have alot of head space. If you notice your flowrate starts off nice and steady but towards the end it starts going really fast or spritzing it could be because you are using a light roast or the headspace in the filter basket was too much. Towards the end of the shot your puck will start to swell and fills up the head space and you lose too much of the nice resistance that you had when you first started the shot.
3. What beans are you using and how old? I recommend a medium roast or slightly darker roast for a nice looking shot. Try highlander or want something more upmarket go for ona coffee's hitman. the roast is optimised about 7-21 days post roast. The remaining carbon dioxide in fresher roasts that from part of the crema help to make the flow
look more even by increasing the viscosity of the shot....There could be dead spots but because the liquid is viscous it will coat the surface area at the bottom of the filter basket nicely before flowing down to your cup.....
4. Is the macap m4 a doser grinder? Try to make sure only the freshly grounded stuff is inside your filter basket. This is super important. old coffee will have poor viscosity. You may want to grind 10g first to push out any old grinds before grinding your actual dose.
The aim if WDT is just to make sure the distribution is as even as possible by fluffing up the grounds as evenly as possible. I use a fine needle stuck to a cork. I agitate the grounds by doing "small circular movements around another larger circular movement around the filter basket" if that makes sense. But you can do what ever you are comfortable with as long as your fluff it up nicely and evenly. Also i don't tap down too hard because i find that it reduces the benefit of making the grounds fluffy in preparation for the tamping. Level Tamping on fluffly grounds will help to make the movement of coffee grounds easier to nicely fill up the basket evenly. Level tamping on grounds tht are already compacted is less beneficial because its harder for the grounds to move arounds to full up the empty spaces to make the puck more homogenous. Leave the grinds as fluffy as possible before you tamp.
Also observe dead spots carefully.... sometimes its not really a dead spot. liquid is still flowing thru but the liquid is very clear especially towards the end of the shot! There could be uneven extraction going on or just that that portion of the puck had already extracted out its solubles much earlier on.
Yes as chinky blink pointed out sometimes the holes are just stuck with insoluble material. Difficult to solve this. its the nature of random particles.