Hmm, they want companies to manufacture in India and create local employment. I think that is fair.
Whatever it is, it’s not an open market with free trade.
In any case cost of manufacturing is one of the lowest in India, so I don't think that is a significant barrier for companies wanting to sell in Indian markets.
Of course it is a barrier. Many supply chains practically and actually don’t exist in India. And there are gobs of high value manufactured products that might otherwise sell in small quantities in India that are slapped with tariffs. You’re not going to move a billion dollar or more assembly plant to India with all attendant risks in order to sell 5 more units a year, maybe.
Even then, most consumer stuff we get in India is made in China and it is cheap. Stuff like Mobile phones, laptops etc are cheaper in India than in Singapore.
Not the ones actually made in China, such as most iPhones. (The Indian assembled version of the iPhone SE was an exception.) The stuff that can be imported in notionally unassembled form then slapped/snapped together in Chennai (or wherever) is a different story.
You’re now making a lot of excuses for what clearly isn’t a market open to free trade. Which is not how I’d describe the U.S. economy either — there are some U.S. trade barriers — but this is what these two governments ought to be discussing, negotiating, and mostly eliminating if they want a free trade agreement. But maybe the Indian government doesn’t want a free trade agreement. We’ll see.
Actually I can't think of anything in Singapore that is cheaper to buy than in India. So if indeed tariffs were that high and since SG has no tariffs, it would have been cheaper to buy something in Singapore than in India.
Practically everything manufactured in the U.S. with at least some reasonable value added is less expensive in Singapore. Singapore and the U.S. have a rather comprehensive free trade agreement.
Just to pick an example among consumer products, a KitchenAid Artisan stand mixer costs less at Tangs Orchard Road right now than it does from Amazon.in. That’s the beloved,
U.S. manufactured small kitchen appliance. (It’s 39,990 INR v. 749 SGD.)
Most of India's economic think tank want to export more and reduce their current account deficit. So I don't see any more opening up than what already is.
Then you shouldn’t be surprised that the U.S. is among the governments losing patience with India and not willing to cooperate with continued trade restrictions. This is how trade battles and wars start and grow. The U.S. side thinks India is treating U.S. exporters unfairly, and in this case the U.S. side is correct.
It’s also correct that the U.S. isn’t currently going to be damaged very much. When you’re already not importing much from U.S. producers there’s not much more damage you can inflict with additional tariffs and barriers on top of already difficult tariffs and barriers, except to your own consumers who happen to like California almonds (for example) — and almonds do feature in Indian cuisine. The U.S. is by far the world’s largest almond producer, with about 10 times the output of #2 Spain.